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Quotes by Neuroendocrinologist of the Authors - Page 1
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An open mind is a prerequisite to an open heart.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Heart
Mind
Prerequisites
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Oxytocin is a Teflon hormone - bad news rolls off it.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
News
Oxytocin
Teflon
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We’ve evolved to be smart enough to make ourselves sick.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Enough
Sick
Smart
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Only humans invent moralizing gods who monitor our behavior.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Behavior
Humans
Moralizing
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We are just another primate but a very confused, malleable one.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Confused
Primates
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Most of us don't collapse into puddles of stress-related disease.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Disease
Puddles
Stress
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If a rat is a good model for your emotional life, you're in big trouble.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Emotional
Rats
Trouble
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Hormones influencing the sensitivity of the person to environmental stimuli.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Environmental
Hormones
Influence
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Almost always, genes are about potentials and vulnerabilities rather than about determinism.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Determinism
Genes
Vulnerability
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Individual differences in testosterone level predict very little about differences in aggression.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Individual Differences
Levels
Littles
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What happened during the minutes before? That's the realm of sensory stimuli of the nervous system.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Minutes
Nervous
Stimulus
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What happened in the milliseconds before a behavior to cause it? That's in the neurobiological realm.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Behavior
Causes
Realms
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We live well enough to have the luxury to get ourselves sick with purely social, psychological stress.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Good Life
Luxury
Stress
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Some Poor grad student pressing on the flanks of a hamster and out comes a doctorate on the other side
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Poor
Sides
Students
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We're getting along so well; I trust you so much for this one second that I'm going to let you yank on me.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Getting Along
I Trust You
Wells
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Depression is not generalized pessimism, but pessimism specific to the effects of one's own skilled action.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Action
Effects
Pessimism
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Oxytocin is lauded for how it promotes warmth, generosity, social bonding, cooperation, trust, and compassion.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Compassion
Generosity
Oxytocin
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Stress is not a state of mind... it's measurable and dangerous, and humans can't seem to find their off-switch.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Mind
States
Stress
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Until you appreciate something crucial - It is incredibly easy to manipulate us as to who counts as an Us, who as a Them.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Appreciate
Easy
Manipulate
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Importantly, rather than promoting aggression, testosterone promotes whatever is needed to maintain status when challenged.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Aggression
Needed
Testosterone
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The regulation of genes is often more interesting than the genes themselves, and it's the environment that regulates genes.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Environment
Interesting
Regulation
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The purpose of science is not to cure us of our sense of mystery and wonder, but to constantly reinvent and reinvigorate it.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Mystery
Purpose
Wonder
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Give lab rats oxytocin and, according to that meme, they get better at talking about their feelings and sing like Joan Baez.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Giving
Oxytocin
Talking
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I had never planned to become a savanna baboon when I grew up; instead, I had always assumed I would become a mountain gorilla.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Gorillas
Grew Up
Mountain
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Naturally, things are more complicated - those groovy, pro-social effects of oxytocin apply to how we interact with in-group members.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Complicated
Groups
Oxytocin
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Essentially, we humans live well enough and long enough, and are smart enough, to generate all sorts of stressful events purely in our heads.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Events
Long
Smart
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It's great to have a buff frontal cortex to do that harder thing - for example, help a person in need rather buy some useless, shiny gee-gaw.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Example
Needs
Useless
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The frontal cortex is an incredibly interesting part of the brain - ours is proportionately bigger and/or more complex than in any other species.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Bigger
Brain
Interesting
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If you care about your longevity and health, be a socially affiliated baboon who is better than high-ranking ones at walking away from provocations.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Care
Ranking
Walking Away
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Genes are rarely about inevitability, especially when it comes to humans, the brain, or behavior. They're about vulnerability, propensities, tendencies.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Behavior
Brain
Genes
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Perhaps most excitingly, we are uncovering the brain basis of our behaviors - normal, abnormal and in-between. We are mapping a neurobiology of what makes us us.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Abnormal
Behavior
Brain
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Genes are important for understanding our behavior. Incredibly important - after all, they code for every protein pertinent to brain function, endocrinology, etc.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Brain
Important
Understanding
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But if you get chronically, psychosocially stressed, you're going to compromise your health. So, essentially, we've evolved to be smart enough to make ourselves sick.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Sick
Smart
Stressed
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What does the frontal cortex do? Gratification postponement, executive function, long-term planning, and impulse control. Basically, it makes you do the harder thing.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Doe
Impulse Control
Long
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Get it wrong, and we call it a cult. Get it right, in the right time and the right place, and maybe, for the next few millennia, people won't have to go to work on your birthday.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Cult
Next
People
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To out-group-members, oxytocin makes you crappier - less cooperative and more preemptively aggressive. It's not the luv hormone. It's the in-group parochialism/xenophobia hormone.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Xenophobia
Groups
Hormones
Oxytocin
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It's probably even the case that if you stoked up some Buddhist monks with tons of testosterone, they'd become wildly competitive as to who can do the most acts of random kindness.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Kindness
Buddhist
Monk
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As long as experiencing your optimal level of good stress doesn't damage others, it's hard to objectively define where normal enjoyment of stimulation becomes adrenaline junkiehood.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Levels
Long
Stress
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The fascinating thing about our best and worst behaviors isn't the behavior itself - the brain tells the muscles to do something or other - big deal. It's the meaning of the behavior.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Behavior
Bigs
Brain
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We all seek out stress. We hate the wrong kinds of stress but when it's the right kind, we love it - we pay good money to be stressed by a scary movie, a roller coaster ride, a challenging puzzle.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Hate
Scary
Stress
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Most people who do a lot of exercise, particularly in the form of competitive athletics, have unneurotic, extraverted, optimistic personalities to begin with. (Marathon runners are exceptions to this.)
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Optimistic
Exercise
People
Personality
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On an incredibly simplistic level, you can think of depression as occurring when your cortex thinks an abstract thought and manages to convince the rest of the brain that this is as real as a physical stressor.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Brain
Real
Thinking
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The most important point of [Susan] Fiske's work is that it provides a taxonomy for our differing feelings about different Thems - sometimes fear, sometimes ridicule, sometimes contemptuous pity, sometimes savagery.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Feelings
Important
Taxonomy
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Brains distinguish between an Us and a Them in a fraction of a second. Subliminal processing of a Them activates the amygdala and insular cortex, brain regions that are all about fear, anxiety, aggression, and disgust.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Anxiety
Brain
Subliminal
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The problem isn't testosterone and aggression; it's how often we reward aggression. And we do: We give medals to masters of the "right" kinds of aggression. We preferentially mate with them. We select them as our leaders.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Giving
Leader
Rewards
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If I had to define a major depression in a single sentence, I would describe it as a "genetic/neurochemical disorder requiring a strong environmental trigger whose characteristic manifestation is an inability to appreciate sunsets.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Appreciate
Strong
Sunset
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But often, it's easier to resist temptation with distraction, or to be so inculcated in doing the right thing that it's automatic, outside the frontal cortex's portfolio - Then it isn't the harder thing, it's the only thing you can do.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Distraction
Portfolios
Temptation
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The gigantic challenge is the magnitude of the individual differences in the optimal set point for "good stress." For one person, it's doing something risky with your bishop in a chess game; for someone else, it's becoming a mercenary in Yemen.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Games
Individual Differences
Stress
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I love science, and it pains me to think that so many are terrified of the subject or feel that choosing science means you cannot also choose compassion, or the arts, or be awed by nature. Science is not meant to cure us of mystery, but to reinvent and reinvigorate it.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Art
Nature
Mean
Pain
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Digestion is quickly shut down during stress…The parasympathetic nervous system, perfect for all that calm, vegetative physiology, normally mediates the actions of digestion. Along comes stress: turn off parasympathetic, turn on the sympathetic, and forget about digestion.
Robert M. Sapolsky
/
Neuroendocrinologist
Digestion
Perfect
Stress
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