Quotes by M. S. Swaminathan - Page 2

When in 1963 we started large-scale research and testing with semi-dwarf varieties of wheat obtained from Mexico through Norman Borlaug, the new plant types attracted media attention immediately.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Attention
Large Scale
Media
Mexico
Plant
Research
Wheat
Immediately
Norman
Obtained
Types
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On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Bengal Famine, Parliament is likely to pass the National Food Security Bill which will be the world's largest social protection measure against hunger.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Anniversary
Famine
Hunger
Parliament
Protection
Largest
Measure
Occasion
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The National Policy for Farmers calls for a paradigm shift from measuring agricultural progress merely in terms of growth rates, to measuring it in terms of the growth in the real income of farm families.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Growth
Income
Measuring
Paradigm
Policy
Agricultural
Calls
Farm
Merely
National Policy
Rates
Shift
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Green Revolution technologies are scale-neutral but not resource-neutral. Inputs are needed for output; therefore market-purchased inputs become important in providing soil and plant healthcare for higher yields.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Green
Healthcare
Higher
Input
Needed
Output
Plant
Providing
Revolution
Soil
Technologies
Therefore
Yields
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Where two or more crops are taken normally, it is time to begin preparation for a good rabi crop by assembling the seeds, soil nutrients, and other agronomic inputs needed for timely sowing and good plant population.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Assembling
Input
Needed
Nutrients
Plant
Population
Preparation
Seeds
Soil
Sowing
Timely
Begin
Time Good Preparation
Crop
Normally
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Farmers are happy so long as their net income will not be adversely affected. In organic farming, in the first couple of years you may drop in yield until you build up the soil fertility - you need inputs for output.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Farming
Fertility
Income
Input
Output
Soil
Yield
Drop
Net
Organic
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Floods will become more serious and frequent in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Drought induced food and water scarcity will become more acute. South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and the small islands will be the worst victims.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Asia
Drought
Islands
Scarcity
Serious
South
South Asia
Sub Saharan Africa
Water
Worst
Food Water Will
Acute
Africa
Floods
Frequent
Induced
Plains
Sub-Saharan
Victims
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You can classify farmers into two major groups. One who saves seeds for the next crop and the other who purchases seeds from the market. Most of the commercial farmers like the US farmers are people who purchase seeds.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Farmers
Seeds
Classify
Crop
Purchase
Saves
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Land tenure is key to protecting land rights. The Central and State governments should have accessible systems for registering, tracking and protecting land rights, including customary rights and common property resources.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Property
Tenure
Tracking
Accessible
Governments
Registering
State Governments
Systems
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When politicians talk of loan waiver, they are accepting that agriculture is not economically viable. They are giving a wrong signal that farming is not economically viable. It's true. That's where the loan waiver comes in.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Agriculture
Farming
Giving
Loan
Politicians
Economically
Signal
Viable
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Genetic modification is a very powerful tool. But like any powerful tool, when using it, you have to take into account the environmental impact, the food safety aspects and so on. There must be a strong regulatory mechanism.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Environmental
Modification
Safety
Account
Aspects
Powerful Tool
Regulatory
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Without the wholehearted involvement of farmers, particularly of young as well as women farmers, it will be impossible to implement a Food Entitlements Act in an era of increasing price volatility in the international market.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Entitlement
International
Involvement
Volatility
Particularly
Implement
Increasing
Market
Price
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The rain-cum-solar energy centre functioning in Chennai is a source of credible public information on rainwater harvesting and solar energy use. Such centres need to be replicated in all our cities, towns and block headquarters.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Block
Centre
Cities
Credible
Headquarters
Information
Towns
Harvesting
Solar
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Integrated coastal zone management procedures involving concurrent attention to both the landward and seaward site of the ocean and to coastal forestry and agro-forestry as well as capture and culture fisheries are urgently needed.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Ocean
Capture
Coastal
Integrated
Involving
Management
Needed
Procedures
Site
Zone
Urgently
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We have to initiate a bio-shield movement along the coastal areas by raising mangrove forests, plantations of casuarina, salicornia, laucaena, atriplex, palms, bamboo and other tree species and halophytes - all that can grow near the sea.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Bamboo
Coastal
Forests
Initiate
Movement
Sea
Species
Tree
Near
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Farmers, young and old, educated and uneducated, have easily taken to the new agronomy. It has been heart-warming to see young college graduates, retired officials, ex-armymen, illiterate peasants and small farmers queuing up to get the new seeds.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Educated
Graduates
Illiterate
Officials
Peasants
Retired
Seeds
Uneducated
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All kinds of excuses have been given by governments for not implementing this recommendation like food price inflation. But the question is, do the farmers of this country, who constitute nearly half of the working population, also not need to eat?
M. S. Swaminathan /
Country
Given
Half
Implementing
Inflation
Population
Also
Nearly
Constitute
Working
Excuses
Governments
Price
Question
Recommendation
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Land is becoming a diminishing resource for agriculture, in spite of a growing understanding that the future of food security will depend upon the sustainable management of land resources as well as the conservation of prime farmland for agriculture.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Conservation
Farmland
Management
Spite
Sustainable
Diminishing
Resource
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There are two major challenges before Indian agriculture today: ecological and economical. The conservation of our basic agricultural assets such as land, water, and biodiversity is a major challenge. How to make agriculture sustainable is the challenge.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Assets
Biodiversity
Conservation
Ecological
Indian
Land
Today
Two
Water
Agricultural
Basic
Before
Challenge
Sustainable
Major
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I was chairman of the steering committee for agriculture when we set up the target of 4% growth rate. I had written that if you want to achieve 4% growth rate in agriculture, you should have 8% growth in animal husbandry and fisheries and 8% in horticulture.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Rate
Steering
Target
Committee
Growth Rate
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Waiver of farm loans is not an ideal solution. To ensure that the situation is not repeated, the government should focus on creating a robust system to extend the necessary ingredients of farming such as water harvesting systems, seed and fertiliser supplements.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Ingredients
Robust
Supplements
Ensure
Extend
Farm
Harvesting
Ideal
Loans
Repeated
Solution
Seed
Systems
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Rice, wheat and other grains can help to address protein-calorie under-nutrition. But only attention to horticulture, milk and eggs can help to overcome hidden hunger caused by the deficiency of micro-nutrients like iodine, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B12, etc.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Attention
Deficiency
Eggs
Etc
Hunger
Iron
Milk
Rice
Wheat
Caused
Overcome
Address
Grains
Hidden
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The construction of permanent sea walls can be taken up only in places where there is sea erosion due to heavy anthropogenic pressures. The locations for such non-living barriers should be determined on the basis of a carefully conducted erosion-vulnerability analysis.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Analysis
Barriers
Construction
Determined
Erosion
Permanent
Sea
Carefully
Due
Locations
Walls
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Wireless technology has completely revolutionized information transmission and exchange in India. If you go in the coastal areas, small-scale fishermen who go out in small boats, they now carry a cellphone, which has GPS data on wave heights, where the fish are, et cetera.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Coastal
Data
Information
Transmission
Wave
Wireless
Area
Boats
Fish
Carry
Exchange
Fishermen
Heights
Revolutionized
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2010 is the International Year of Biodiversity. We can classify our crops into those which are climate resilient and those which are climate sensitive. For example, wheat is a climate sensitive crop, while rice shows a wide range of adaptation in terms of growing conditions.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Adaptation
Biodiversity
Conditions
Range
Resilient
Rice
Sensitive
Wheat
Wide
Classify
Crop
For Example
Wide Range
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In any case, if I grow hybrid maize or hybrid pearl mallet or any hybrid, I have to sow fresh seed every year. I cannot keep the seed of the same plant. If I keep the seed of the same plant, yield will be much less and there will be a wide variation in the field, like maturity period, quality and so on.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Hybrid
Maturity
Plant
Variation
Wide
Yield
Pearl
Seed
Sow
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There is an urgent need for regeneration of fisheries and fostering a sustainable fisheries programme. What I mean is, designing new fishing vessels and nets so that they do not disrupt the fish lifecycle by catching young ones and also do not destroy sea grass beds, which serve as habitats for dugongs.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Catching
Fishing
Fostering
Grass
Regeneration
Sea
Urgent
Beds
Designing
Destroy
Sustainable
Disrupt
Habitats
Nets
Programme
Urgent Need
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A life cycle approach to food security will imply attention to the nutritional needs of a human being from conception to cremation. The most vulnerable but neglected segment is the first 1,000 days in a child's life - the period from conception to the age of two, when much of the brain development takes place.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Conception
Neglected
Life Age Food
Cycle
Imply
Nutritional
Segment
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A number of non-banking finance companies have entered the rural microcredit market. Many microcredit agencies have been charging interest rates not very dissimilar to those charged by moneylenders. Borrowing then becomes more to meet pressing consumption needs, rather than for farming or small-scale enterprises.
M. S. Swaminathan /
Finance
Borrowing
Consumption
Farming
Agencies
Charged
Dissimilar
Entered
Enterprises
Interest Rates
Pressing
Rates
Rural
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